Moses Malone vs. Reggie Miller Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Reggie Miller and Moses Malone, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season / Games against each other

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Moses Malone played 19 years in the NBA, 1 more than Reggie Miller, who played 18. Moses Malone had the first of his seasons in 1976-77, while Reggie Miller had his rookie season in 1987-88. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Moses Malone 19 12 1976-77 to 1994-95
Reggie Miller 18 15 1987-88 to 2004-05

Comparison Season by Season

Rookie Season

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1976-771987-88
Team Buffalo Braves, Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf FinalsDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 30.6 13.2 5.3 7.7 13.1 1.1 0.8 2.2 - 3.4 4.7 9.9 .480 - - - 3.7 5.4 .693
Reggie Miller 82 22.4 10.0 1.2 1.2 2.3 1.6 0.6 0.2 1.2 1.9 3.7 7.6 .488 0.7 2.1 .355 1.8 2.3 .801
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 12 43.2 18.8 7.0 9.9 16.9 0.6 1.1 1.8 - 3.5 6.8 13.5 .500 - - - 5.3 7.6 .692
Reggie Miller ------- --- ----------

Season 2

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1977-781988-89
Team Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Did Not PlayDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 59 35.7 19.4 6.4 8.6 15.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 3.7 3.0 7.0 14.0 .499 - - - 5.4 7.5 .718
Reggie Miller 74 34.3 16.0 1.0 3.0 3.9 3.1 1.3 0.4 1.9 2.3 5.4 11.2 .479 1.3 3.3 .402 3.9 4.6 .844
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller ------- --- ----------

Season 3

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1978-791989-90
Team Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive Second Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 41.3 24.8 7.2 10.5 17.6 1.8 1.0 1.5 4.0 2.7 8.7 16.2 .540 - - - 7.3 9.9 .739
Reggie Miller 82 38.9 24.6 1.2 2.4 3.6 3.8 1.3 0.2 2.7 2.1 8.1 15.7 .514 1.8 4.4 .414 6.6 7.6 .868
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 2 39.0 24.5 12.5 8.0 20.5 1.0 0.5 4.0 4.0 2.5 9.0 20.5 .439 - - - 6.5 9.0 .722
Reggie Miller 3 41.7 20.7 0.3 3.7 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 6.7 11.7 .571 1.0 2.3 .429 6.3 7.0 .905

Season 4

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1979-801990-91
Team Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Rockets Lost East Conf SemisPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 38.3 25.8 7.0 7.5 14.5 1.8 1.0 1.3 3.7 2.6 9.5 18.9 .502 0.0 0.1 .000 6.9 9.5 .719
Reggie Miller 82 36.2 22.6 1.0 2.4 3.4 4.0 1.3 0.2 2.0 2.0 7.3 14.2 .512 1.4 3.9 .348 6.7 7.3 .918
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 7 39.3 25.9 6.0 7.9 13.9 1.0 0.6 2.3 3.1 2.6 10.6 19.7 .536 0.0 0.1 .000 4.7 6.1 .767
Reggie Miller 5 38.6 21.6 1.0 2.2 3.2 2.8 1.6 0.4 2.4 2.8 6.8 14.0 .486 1.6 3.8 .421 6.4 7.4 .865

Season 5

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1980-811991-92
Team Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Rockets Lost NBA FinalsPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 80 40.6 27.8 5.9 8.8 14.8 1.8 1.0 1.9 3.9 2.8 10.1 19.3 .522 0.0 0.0 .333 7.6 10.1 .757
Reggie Miller 82 38.0 20.7 1.0 2.9 3.9 3.8 1.3 0.3 1.9 2.6 6.9 13.7 .501 1.6 4.2 .378 5.4 6.3 .858
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 21 45.5 26.8 6.0 8.6 14.5 1.7 0.6 1.6 2.8 2.6 9.9 20.6 .479 0.0 0.1 .000 7.0 9.9 .712
Reggie Miller 3 43.3 27.0 1.3 1.0 2.3 4.7 1.3 0.0 1.3 4.0 8.3 14.3 .581 2.3 3.7 .636 8.0 10.0 .800

Season 6

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1981-821992-93
Team Houston RocketsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Rockets Lost West Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 42.0 31.1 6.9 7.8 14.7 1.8 0.9 1.5 3.6 2.6 11.7 22.5 .519 0.0 0.1 .000 7.8 10.2 .762
Reggie Miller 82 36.0 21.2 0.8 2.3 3.1 3.2 1.5 0.3 1.8 2.2 7.0 14.5 .479 2.0 5.1 .399 5.2 5.9 .880
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 3 45.3 24.0 9.3 7.7 17.0 3.3 0.7 0.7 2.0 2.7 9.7 22.3 .433 0.0 0.0 - 4.7 5.0 .933
Reggie Miller 4 43.8 31.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.8 0.8 0.0 2.5 2.8 10.0 18.8 .533 2.5 4.8 .526 9.0 9.5 .947

Season 7

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1982-831993-94
Team Philadelphia 76ersIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement Finals MVP-
Achievement Season MVP-
Achievement All-NBA First Team-
Achievement All-Defensive First Team-
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs NBA Champion NBA ChampionPacers Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 78 37.5 24.5 5.7 9.6 15.3 1.3 1.1 2.0 3.4 2.6 8.4 16.7 .501 0.0 0.0 .000 7.7 10.1 .761
Reggie Miller 79 33.4 19.9 0.4 2.3 2.7 3.1 1.5 0.3 2.2 2.4 6.6 13.2 .503 1.6 3.7 .421 5.1 5.6 .908
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 13 40.3 26.0 5.4 10.5 15.8 1.5 1.5 1.9 3.1 3.1 9.7 18.1 .536 0.0 0.1 .000 6.6 9.2 .717
Reggie Miller 16 36.0 23.2 0.7 2.3 3.0 2.9 1.3 0.3 2.0 2.1 7.6 16.9 .448 2.2 5.2 .422 5.9 7.0 .839

Season 8

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1983-841994-95
Team Philadelphia 76ersIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs 76ers Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 71 36.8 22.7 5.0 8.4 13.4 1.4 1.0 1.5 3.5 2.6 7.5 15.5 .483 0.0 0.1 .000 7.7 10.2 .750
Reggie Miller 81 32.9 19.6 0.4 2.2 2.6 3.0 1.2 0.2 1.9 1.9 6.2 13.5 .462 2.4 5.8 .415 4.7 5.3 .897
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 42.4 21.4 4.0 9.8 13.8 1.4 0.6 2.2 4.2 3.0 7.6 16.6 .458 0.0 0.0 - 6.2 6.4 .969
Reggie Miller 17 37.7 25.5 0.5 3.1 3.6 2.1 0.9 0.2 2.3 2.1 8.1 17.1 .476 3.2 7.5 .422 6.1 7.1 .860

Season 9

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1984-851995-96
Team Philadelphia 76ersIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA First Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement Rebounds Leader-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs 76ers Lost East Conf FinalsPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 79 37.4 24.6 4.9 8.2 13.1 1.6 0.8 1.6 3.6 2.7 7.6 16.3 .469 0.0 0.0 .000 9.3 11.4 .815
Reggie Miller 76 34.5 21.1 0.5 2.3 2.8 3.3 1.0 0.2 2.5 2.3 6.6 14.0 .473 2.2 5.4 .410 5.7 6.6 .863
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 13 38.8 20.2 2.8 7.8 10.6 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 3.0 6.9 16.3 .425 0.0 0.1 .000 6.3 7.9 .796
Reggie Miller 1 31.0 29.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 7.0 17.0 .412 2.0 6.0 .333 13.0 15.0 .867

Season 10

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1985-861996-97
Team Philadelphia 76ersIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Did Not PlayDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 74 36.6 23.8 4.6 7.2 11.8 1.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 2.6 7.7 16.8 .458 0.0 0.0 .000 8.3 10.6 .787
Reggie Miller 81 36.6 21.6 0.7 2.9 3.5 3.4 0.9 0.3 2.0 2.1 6.8 15.4 .444 2.8 6.6 .427 5.2 5.9 .880
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller ------- --- ----------

Season 11

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1986-871997-98
Team Washington BulletsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Bullets Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 73 34.1 24.1 4.7 6.6 11.3 1.6 0.8 1.3 2.8 1.9 8.2 18.0 .454 0.0 0.2 .000 7.8 9.5 .824
Reggie Miller 81 34.5 19.5 0.6 2.3 2.9 2.1 1.0 0.1 1.6 1.8 6.4 13.3 .477 2.0 4.7 .429 4.7 5.4 .868
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 3 38.0 20.7 5.0 7.7 12.7 1.7 0.0 1.0 2.7 1.7 7.0 15.7 .447 0.0 0.0 - 6.7 7.0 .952
Reggie Miller 16 39.3 19.9 0.3 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.2 0.2 1.7 1.6 6.1 14.4 .426 2.4 5.9 .400 5.3 5.9 .904

Season 12

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1987-881998-99
Team Washington BulletsIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Bullets Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 79 34.1 20.3 4.7 6.5 11.2 1.4 0.7 0.9 3.2 2.0 6.7 13.8 .487 0.0 0.1 .286 6.9 8.7 .788
Reggie Miller 50 35.7 18.4 0.5 2.2 2.7 2.2 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.0 5.9 13.4 .438 2.1 5.5 .385 4.5 4.9 .915
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 39.6 18.6 4.4 6.8 11.2 1.4 0.6 0.8 3.0 1.8 6.0 13.0 .462 0.0 0.2 .000 6.6 8.0 .825
Reggie Miller 13 37.0 20.2 1.0 2.9 3.9 2.6 0.7 0.2 1.6 2.0 6.1 15.3 .397 2.2 6.5 .333 5.9 6.6 .895

Season 13

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1988-891999-00
Team Atlanta HawksIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Hawks Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 35.5 20.2 4.8 7.0 11.8 1.4 1.0 1.2 3.0 1.9 6.6 13.5 .491 0.0 0.1 .000 6.9 8.8 .789
Reggie Miller 81 36.9 18.1 0.6 2.3 3.0 2.3 1.0 0.3 1.6 1.6 5.8 12.9 .448 2.0 5.0 .408 4.6 5.0 .919
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 39.4 21.0 5.4 6.6 12.0 1.8 1.4 0.8 2.2 1.0 6.4 12.8 .500 0.2 0.2 1.000 8.0 10.2 .784
Reggie Miller 22 40.6 24.0 0.4 2.0 2.4 2.7 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.7 7.9 17.5 .452 2.6 6.7 .395 5.5 5.9 .938

Season 14

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1989-902000-01
Team Atlanta HawksIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlayPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 81 33.8 18.9 4.5 5.5 10.0 1.6 0.6 1.0 2.9 2.0 6.4 13.3 .480 0.0 0.1 .111 6.1 7.8 .781
Reggie Miller 81 39.3 18.9 0.5 3.0 3.5 3.2 1.0 0.2 1.6 2.0 6.4 14.5 .440 2.1 5.7 .366 4.0 4.3 .928
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller 4 44.0 31.3 1.8 3.3 5.0 2.5 0.8 0.5 2.8 0.8 10.3 22.5 .456 3.8 8.8 .429 7.0 7.5 .933

Season 15

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1990-912001-02
Team Atlanta HawksIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Hawks Lost East Conf 1st RdPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 23.3 10.6 3.3 4.8 8.1 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.7 1.6 3.4 7.3 .468 0.0 0.1 .000 3.8 4.5 .831
Reggie Miller 79 36.6 16.5 0.3 2.5 2.8 3.2 1.1 0.1 1.5 1.8 5.2 11.6 .453 2.3 5.6 .406 3.7 4.1 .911
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 5 16.8 4.2 3.2 3.0 6.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 4.0 .200 0.0 0.0 - 2.6 2.8 .929
Reggie Miller 5 39.6 23.6 0.0 3.2 3.2 2.8 1.6 0.2 2.8 2.0 8.4 16.6 .506 2.6 6.2 .419 4.2 4.8 .875

Season 16

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1991-922002-03
Team Milwaukee BucksIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlayPacers Lost East Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 82 30.6 15.6 3.9 5.2 9.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.7 5.4 11.3 .474 0.0 0.1 .375 4.8 6.1 .786
Reggie Miller 70 30.2 12.6 0.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 0.9 0.1 0.9 1.3 4.0 9.1 .441 1.6 4.5 .355 3.0 3.3 .900
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller 6 29.5 9.2 0.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.5 2.5 8.8 .283 0.7 4.2 .160 3.5 3.8 .913

Season 17

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1992-932003-04
Team Milwaukee BucksIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlayPacers Lost East Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 11 9.5 4.5 2.0 2.2 4.2 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.2 3.8 .310 0.0 0.0 - 2.2 2.8 .774
Reggie Miller 80 28.2 10.0 0.2 2.1 2.4 3.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 1.2 3.3 7.4 .438 1.7 4.2 .401 1.8 2.1 .885
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller 16 28.4 10.1 0.2 2.1 2.3 2.8 1.1 0.2 1.8 1.4 2.8 7.0 .402 1.5 4.0 .375 2.9 3.2 .922

Season 18

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1993-942004-05
Team Philadelphia 76ersIndiana Pacers
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlayPacers Lost East Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 55 11.2 5.3 1.9 2.2 4.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.9 4.2 .440 0.0 0.0 .000 1.6 2.1 .769
Reggie Miller 66 31.9 14.8 0.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.7 4.8 10.9 .437 1.5 4.5 .322 3.8 4.1 .933
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller 13 33.0 14.8 0.3 2.8 3.1 1.5 0.8 0.1 1.6 2.2 4.8 11.0 .434 1.6 5.1 .318 3.7 3.9 .941

Season 19

Moses Malone Reggie Miller
Season 1994-95-
Team San Antonio Spurs-
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not Play-
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone 17 8.8 2.9 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.8 2.1 .371 0.1 0.1 .500 1.3 1.9 .688
Reggie Miller ------- --- ----------
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Moses Malone ------- --- ----------
Reggie Miller ------- --- ----------