Jermaine O'Neal vs. Tony Parker Season by Season Comparison

Side by side comparison of each NBA season of Tony Parker and Jermaine O'Neal, from their rookie seasons to their last year played, in chronological order with awards, stats, championships and playoff performance of their teams every year.

Player comparisons:
Career comparison / Season by season / Games against each other

Who had the better rookie season? Who had best stats in their 10th season? Who won a championship first? These questions and many others, are answered here.

Jermaine O'Neal and Tony Parker both played 18 years in the NBA. Jermaine O'Neal had the first of his seasons in 1996-97, while Tony Parker had his rookie season in 2001-02. With that starting point, here you can take a look at each of their seasons side by side and compare how their careers evolved in achivements, awards and championships won, the stats they recorded both in the Regular Season and the Playoffs and how their teams performed in the postseason.

Their Careers

Player
Total Seasons Playoffs Played NBA Years
Jermaine O'Neal 18 14 1996-97 to 2013-14
Tony Parker 18 17 2001-02 to 2018-19

Comparison Season by Season

Rookie Season

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 1996-972001-02
Team Portland Trail BlazersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Rookie First Team
Playoffs Trail Blazers Lost West Conf 1st RdSpurs Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 45 10.2 4.1 0.9 1.9 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.5 3.4 .451 0.0 0.0 .000 1.0 1.7 .603
Tony Parker 77 29.4 9.2 0.4 2.1 2.6 4.3 1.2 0.1 2.0 2.2 3.5 8.3 .419 0.8 2.5 .323 1.4 2.1 .675
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 .000 0.0 0.5 .000 0.0 1.0 .000
Tony Parker 10 34.1 15.5 0.5 2.4 2.9 4.0 0.9 0.1 2.2 2.2 6.2 13.6 .456 1.0 2.7 .370 2.1 2.8 .750

Season 2

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 1997-982002-03
Team Portland Trail BlazersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Trail Blazers Lost West Conf 1st RdNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 60 13.5 4.5 1.3 2.0 3.4 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 3.9 .485 0.0 0.0 .000 0.8 1.5 .506
Tony Parker 82 33.8 15.5 0.4 2.2 2.6 5.3 0.9 0.0 2.4 2.1 5.9 12.7 .464 1.0 3.0 .337 2.7 3.5 .755
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 1 3.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 3.0 .000 0.0 1.0 .000 0.0 0.0 -
Tony Parker 24 33.9 14.7 0.3 2.4 2.8 3.5 0.9 0.1 2.0 2.1 5.6 14.0 .403 0.6 2.3 .268 2.8 3.9 .713

Season 3

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 1998-992003-04
Team Portland Trail BlazersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Trail Blazers Lost West Conf FinalsSpurs Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 36 8.6 2.5 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 2.3 .434 0.0 0.0 .000 0.5 1.0 .514
Tony Parker 75 34.4 14.7 0.6 2.6 3.2 5.5 0.8 0.1 2.4 2.0 5.6 12.6 .447 0.8 2.7 .312 2.5 3.6 .702
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 9 6.0 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.4 1.1 .400 0.0 0.0 - 0.7 1.3 .500
Tony Parker 10 38.6 18.4 0.5 1.6 2.1 7.0 1.3 0.1 3.1 1.5 7.2 16.8 .429 1.7 4.3 .395 2.3 3.5 .657

Season 4

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 1999-002004-05
Team Portland Trail BlazersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Trail Blazers Lost West Conf FinalsNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 70 12.3 3.9 1.4 1.9 3.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.5 3.2 .486 0.0 0.0 .000 0.8 1.4 .582
Tony Parker 80 34.2 16.6 0.6 3.1 3.7 6.1 1.2 0.1 2.7 2.1 6.7 14.0 .482 0.5 2.0 .276 2.6 4.0 .650
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 8 4.9 1.5 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.4 1.4 .273 0.0 0.0 - 0.8 1.1 .667
Tony Parker 23 37.2 17.2 0.6 2.3 2.9 4.3 0.7 0.1 3.1 3.0 7.2 15.9 .454 0.4 2.1 .188 2.4 3.8 .632

Season 5

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2000-012005-06
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf 1st RdSpurs Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 81 32.6 12.9 3.1 6.7 9.8 1.2 0.6 2.8 2.0 3.5 5.0 10.7 .465 0.0 0.1 .000 2.9 4.8 .601
Tony Parker 80 33.9 18.9 0.5 2.8 3.3 5.8 1.0 0.1 3.1 2.0 7.8 14.2 .548 0.1 0.5 .306 3.2 4.5 .707
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 4 39.3 9.8 3.0 9.5 12.5 1.8 0.0 2.5 1.8 3.3 4.3 9.8 .436 0.0 0.3 .000 1.3 2.5 .500
Tony Parker 13 36.5 21.1 0.6 3.0 3.6 3.8 1.0 0.1 3.1 2.4 8.0 17.4 .460 0.2 0.7 .222 4.9 6.1 .810

Season 6

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2001-022006-07
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement Finals MVP
Achievement All-NBA Third Team-
Achievement Most Improved Player-
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf 1st RdNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 72 37.6 19.0 2.6 7.9 10.5 1.6 0.6 2.3 2.4 3.7 7.5 15.7 .479 0.0 0.2 .071 3.9 5.7 .688
Tony Parker 77 32.5 18.6 0.4 2.8 3.2 5.5 1.1 0.1 2.5 1.8 7.4 14.2 .520 0.2 0.5 .395 3.6 4.5 .783
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 5 38.0 17.2 1.2 6.4 7.6 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.8 4.8 6.8 15.2 .447 0.0 0.2 .000 3.6 4.8 .750
Tony Parker 20 37.6 20.8 0.7 2.7 3.4 5.8 1.1 0.0 3.3 1.7 8.4 17.5 .480 0.4 1.1 .333 3.6 5.3 .679

Season 7

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2002-032007-08
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Third Team-
Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf 1st RdSpurs Lost West Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 77 37.2 20.8 2.6 7.7 10.3 2.0 0.9 2.3 2.3 3.6 7.9 16.4 .484 0.1 0.3 .333 4.8 6.6 .731
Tony Parker 69 33.5 18.8 0.4 2.8 3.2 6.0 0.8 0.1 2.4 1.3 7.5 15.1 .494 0.2 1.0 .258 3.6 5.0 .715
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 6 45.5 22.8 4.0 13.5 17.5 0.7 0.5 3.0 3.0 3.7 7.2 15.3 .467 0.0 0.5 .000 8.5 10.8 .785
Tony Parker 17 38.5 22.4 0.6 3.1 3.7 6.1 0.9 0.1 2.9 2.2 8.9 18.0 .497 0.4 1.2 .350 4.1 5.5 .753

Season 8

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2003-042008-09
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards Achievement All-NBA Second Team-
-Achievement All-NBA Third Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf FinalsSpurs Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 78 35.7 20.1 2.5 7.5 10.0 2.1 0.8 2.6 2.3 3.2 7.8 17.9 .434 0.0 0.2 .111 4.5 5.9 .757
Tony Parker 72 34.1 22.0 0.4 2.7 3.1 6.9 0.9 0.1 2.6 1.5 8.9 17.5 .506 0.3 0.9 .292 3.9 5.0 .782
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 16 37.6 19.2 1.8 7.3 9.1 1.2 0.5 2.3 1.8 3.3 7.2 17.0 .423 0.0 0.3 .000 4.8 6.9 .700
Tony Parker 5 36.2 28.6 0.2 4.0 4.2 6.8 1.2 0.2 4.2 2.6 11.8 21.6 .546 0.6 2.8 .214 4.4 6.2 .710

Season 9

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2004-052009-10
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf SemisSpurs Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 44 34.8 24.3 1.9 6.9 8.8 1.9 0.6 2.0 3.0 3.9 8.8 19.4 .452 0.0 0.1 .167 6.7 8.9 .754
Tony Parker 56 30.9 16.0 0.1 2.3 2.4 5.7 0.5 0.1 2.7 1.7 6.2 12.8 .487 0.2 0.6 .294 3.3 4.4 .756
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 13 36.8 16.0 1.6 6.4 8.0 2.2 0.5 2.6 2.8 3.7 5.9 16.2 .365 0.0 0.2 .000 4.2 5.5 .750
Tony Parker 10 33.5 17.3 0.9 2.9 3.8 5.4 0.6 0.0 2.2 2.0 7.3 15.4 .474 0.2 0.3 .667 2.5 4.2 .595

Season 10

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2005-062010-11
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards Achievement All-Star Game-
Playoffs Pacers Lost East Conf 1st RdSpurs Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 51 35.3 20.1 2.0 7.3 9.3 2.6 0.5 2.3 3.0 3.5 7.5 15.8 .472 0.1 0.2 .300 5.1 7.2 .709
Tony Parker 78 32.4 17.5 0.4 2.7 3.1 6.6 1.2 0.0 2.6 1.7 7.1 13.7 .519 0.3 0.9 .357 3.0 3.9 .769
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 6 36.0 21.0 1.5 6.0 7.5 1.7 0.5 2.3 4.3 4.7 7.3 14.0 .524 0.0 0.3 .000 6.3 8.8 .717
Tony Parker 6 36.8 19.7 0.2 2.5 2.7 5.2 1.3 0.3 3.3 1.7 7.2 15.5 .462 0.2 1.3 .125 5.2 6.8 .756

Season 11

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2006-072011-12
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
Achievement All-Star GameAchievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlaySpurs Lost West Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 69 35.6 19.4 2.2 7.4 9.6 2.4 0.7 2.6 2.9 3.4 7.2 16.5 .436 0.0 0.1 .000 5.0 6.5 .767
Tony Parker 60 32.1 18.3 0.4 2.5 2.9 7.7 1.0 0.1 2.6 1.3 7.1 14.8 .480 0.2 1.0 .230 3.8 4.7 .799
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal ------- --- ----------
Tony Parker 14 36.1 20.1 0.6 3.0 3.6 6.8 0.9 0.0 3.1 1.6 7.3 16.1 .453 0.5 1.5 .333 5.1 6.3 .807

Season 12

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2007-082012-13
Team Indiana PacersSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Did Not PlaySpurs Lost NBA Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 42 28.7 13.6 2.0 4.8 6.7 2.2 0.5 2.1 2.5 3.1 5.4 12.2 .439 0.0 0.1 .000 2.9 3.9 .742
Tony Parker 66 32.9 20.3 0.3 2.7 3.0 7.6 0.8 0.1 2.6 1.4 7.9 15.1 .522 0.4 1.0 .353 4.2 5.0 .845
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal ------- --- ----------
Tony Parker 21 36.4 20.6 0.7 2.6 3.2 7.0 1.1 0.1 2.5 1.2 8.0 17.4 .458 0.5 1.5 .355 4.1 5.3 .777

Season 13

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2008-092013-14
Team Toronto Raptors, Miami HeatSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards -Achievement All-NBA Second Team
-Achievement All-Star Game
Playoffs Heat Lost East Conf 1st RdNBA Champion NBA Champion
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 68 29.8 13.3 1.9 4.5 6.4 1.8 0.4 2.0 2.1 3.1 5.4 11.3 .474 0.0 0.0 .000 2.6 3.3 .788
Tony Parker 68 29.4 16.7 0.3 2.0 2.3 5.7 0.5 0.1 2.2 1.3 6.7 13.4 .499 0.4 1.0 .373 2.9 3.6 .811
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 6 27.0 13.3 1.2 3.3 4.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.7 3.0 4.7 8.5 .549 0.0 0.0 - 4.0 5.3 .750
Tony Parker 23 31.3 17.4 0.2 1.7 2.0 4.8 0.7 0.1 2.7 1.6 7.3 15.0 .486 0.6 1.5 .371 2.2 3.0 .729

Season 14

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2009-102014-15
Team Miami HeatSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Heat Lost East Conf 1st RdSpurs Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 70 28.4 13.6 1.8 5.2 6.9 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.8 3.0 5.6 10.6 .529 0.0 0.0 .000 2.3 3.2 .720
Tony Parker 68 28.7 14.4 0.2 1.7 1.9 4.9 0.6 0.0 2.1 1.6 5.9 12.2 .486 0.6 1.3 .427 1.9 2.4 .783
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 5 23.4 4.2 2.0 3.6 5.6 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.4 2.6 1.8 8.8 .205 0.0 0.0 - 0.6 1.4 .429
Tony Parker 7 30.0 10.9 0.6 2.7 3.3 3.6 0.3 0.0 1.6 2.0 4.7 13.0 .363 0.0 1.3 .000 1.4 2.4 .588

Season 15

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2010-112015-16
Team Boston CelticsSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Celtics Lost East Conf SemisSpurs Lost West Conf Semis
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 24 18.0 5.4 1.0 2.6 3.7 0.5 0.1 1.3 1.1 2.7 2.1 4.5 .459 0.0 0.0 .000 1.2 1.8 .674
Tony Parker 72 27.5 11.9 0.2 2.2 2.4 5.3 0.8 0.2 1.8 1.6 4.9 9.9 .493 0.4 0.9 .415 1.8 2.4 .760
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 9 21.9 5.8 1.7 2.6 4.2 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.9 3.8 2.3 4.8 .488 0.0 0.0 - 1.1 1.2 .909
Tony Parker 10 26.4 10.4 0.1 2.1 2.2 5.3 0.6 0.2 1.8 1.5 4.4 9.8 .449 0.4 1.6 .250 1.2 1.4 .857

Season 16

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2011-122016-17
Team Boston CelticsSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlaySpurs Lost West Conf Finals
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 25 22.8 5.0 1.5 3.9 5.4 0.4 0.3 1.7 0.8 3.2 2.1 4.8 .433 0.0 0.0 - 0.8 1.2 .677
Tony Parker 63 25.2 10.1 0.1 1.7 1.8 4.5 0.5 0.0 1.4 1.5 4.2 9.0 .466 0.4 1.1 .333 1.3 1.9 .726
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal ------- --- ----------
Tony Parker 8 26.4 15.9 0.3 2.3 2.5 3.1 0.5 0.0 1.5 1.3 6.4 12.1 .526 1.4 2.4 .579 1.8 1.8 1.000

Season 17

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2012-132017-18
Team Phoenix SunsSan Antonio Spurs
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Did Not PlaySpurs Lost West Conf 1st Rd
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 55 18.7 8.3 1.5 3.8 5.3 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.3 2.3 3.3 6.7 .482 0.0 0.0 - 1.7 2.1 .835
Tony Parker 55 19.5 7.7 0.1 1.6 1.7 3.5 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.9 3.2 7.1 .459 0.2 0.7 .270 1.0 1.4 .705
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal ------- --- ----------
Tony Parker 5 13.4 6.6 0.0 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.4 2.8 7.4 .378 0.0 1.0 .000 1.0 1.4 .714

Season 18

Jermaine O'Neal Tony Parker
Season 2013-142018-19
Team Golden State WarriorsCharlotte Hornets
Honors & Awards
Playoffs Warriors Lost West Conf 1st RdDid Not Play
more >>
Regular Season Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 44 20.1 7.9 1.9 3.6 5.5 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.2 2.3 2.8 5.6 .504 0.0 0.0 - 2.3 3.0 .750
Tony Parker 56 17.9 9.5 0.3 1.2 1.5 3.7 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.9 3.8 8.3 .460 0.2 0.9 .255 1.6 2.2 .734
Playoffs Stats
G Min Pts ORb DRb Reb Ast Stl Blk TO PF FGM / A % 3PM / A % FTM / A %
Jermaine O'Neal 7 12.0 6.0 1.7 1.7 3.4 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.7 2.6 4.6 .563 0.0 0.0 - 0.9 1.1 .750
Tony Parker ------- --- ----------